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A Theory of Why Prompt Injection Works

The article presents a theory explaining why prompt injection attacks succeed against large language models, attributing it to a fundamental confusion between instruction and data roles within prompts, which the models fail to consistently distinguish.

Background

- **Prompt injection** is a security vulnerability where a user tricks an AI model (like a chatbot or copilot) into ignoring its original instructions and following the attacker's hidden commands instead.

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