Hyperphantasia
Hyperphantasia is a condition of extremely vivid mental imagery, where individuals can visualize detailed scenes with near-photorealistic clarity. It is considered the opposite of aphantasia, the inability to form mental images.
Background
Hyperphantasia is the condition of having extremely vivid mental imagery — essentially being able to "see" images in your mind's eye with near-photographic clarity. It sits at the opposite end of a spectrum from aphantasia (the inability to form any mental images at all). The term was coined in 2015 by a team of researchers led by University of Exeter cognitive neuroscientist Adam Zeman, who first formally described aphantasia. Neither hyperphantasia nor aphantasia is a disorder; they are natural variations in human experience, estimated to affect roughly 2–5% of the population each. People with hyperphantasia often report that their mental images are as vivid as actual perception, and this can relate to professions involving visual creativity (artists, designers) but also sometimes to certain cognitive traits. The Wikipedia page covers the history of research on imagery vividness, the development of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) used to assess it, and links to potential overlaps with conditions like synesthesia or autism.