Toffoliゲートはすべてを可能にする
ランダウアーの原理によれば、1ビットの情報を消去するのに必要な最小エネルギーはE ≥ log(2) kB Tで与えられ、これはビットの物理的保存方法に関わらず適用される。この原理に基づき、Toffoliゲートだけで古典的計算と可逆計算の両方を実現できることが示されている。
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