测试五边形数
五边形数 Pn 表示由 n 个同心五边形构成的图形中的点数，公式为 Pn = (3n² − n)/2，其中 n 为正整数。若 n 为负整数，则公式定义的是广义五边形数。给定 n 可轻松计算 Pn，但本文探讨的是其逆问题：如何判断一个给定数是否为五边形数。
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