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★ 最高法院裁定执法部门使用‘地理围栏搜查令’构成‘搜查’(但技术上可能已无实际意义,因为自2024年起)

谷歌已不再以易受地理围栏搜查令影响的方式收集此类信息,更重要的是,苹果从未这样做过。

背景速读

- 美国最高法院裁定,警方通过谷歌收集用户位置数据(即"地理围栏搜查令")的做法属于宪法第四修正案意义上的"搜查",需要搜查令。案件涉及2018年一起抢劫案,警方要求谷歌提供特定时间段内出现在案发地点附近的用户数据。 - 地理围栏搜查令(geofence warrant):执法机构向科技公司(主要是谷歌)发出指令,要求其提供某个地理区域内所有设备的匿名位置数据,再逐步缩小范围锁定嫌疑人。隐私倡导者认为这相当于无差别的大规模监控。 - 该裁决的实际影响有限:谷歌自2024年起已停止存储可被地理围栏搜查令查询的位置历史数据(Location History)。苹果从未以同样方式收集此类数据。 - 此案反映了科技公司数据收集政策如何直接影响执法手段和公民隐私权。即便最高法院做出原则性裁决,科技公司已自行改变了数据生态。

相关报道

  • The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution's Fourth Amendment protects individuals' location history, requiring police to obtain a warrant before accessing cellphone location data. The decision marks a significant expansion of digital privacy rights in the context of modern technology.

  • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution's Fourth Amendment protects people's location data, requiring law enforcement to obtain a warrant before accessing cell phone location records from third parties like phone companies. The decision marks a major privacy victory, recognizing that long-term tracking of a person's movements violates reasonable expectations of privacy.

  • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that law enforcement's use of a "geofence warrant" to obtain location data from Google constitutes a "search" under the Fourth Amendment, requiring probable cause and a warrant. The decision curtails the ability of police to demand tech companies for anonymous location data of everyone near a crime scene without individualized suspicion.

  • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that geofence warrants are subject to Fourth Amendment privacy protections, requiring police to get a warrant based on probable cause. The decision restricts law enforcement from demanding bulk location data from tech companies for all devices near a crime scene.